How does a battery pack work?
As charge current travels through the pack, it finds its way through protection FETs, a chemical fuse, the Li-ion cells and cell connections, and the sense resistor, and then returns to the PACK– pin. In addition, some components are placed across the PACK+ and PACK– pins to reduce effects from electrostatic discharge.
What are the operating modes of a battery pack?
A battery pack, as shown in Figure 2, typically has two operating modes: charging mode and discharging mode. Figure 2: Operating modes in a BMS In charging mode, a charging circuit charges the battery pack; current flows into its HV+ terminal. In discharging mode, the battery pack provides power to an external load.
How does PCB layout impact a battery-pack design?
PCB layout significantly impacts a battery-pack design. It affects voltage measurements of the battery stack and can introduce connection drops. Proper layout also provides a more robust design for electro-static discharge (ESD). Some battery-pack designs may use nickel straps from the PCB connection to the battery stack.
What happens when you plug in a battery pack?
When you plug in a battery pack, if the circuitry contains a substrate diode from the communication line to VCC, it may disrupt the VCC supply. This disruption can cause improper operation of the battery-pack electronics.
What can produce heat in a battery pack?
There can be a lot of power dissipation in the battery pack. There will be some temperature rise due to power dissipation in the cells. High currents can also produce appreciable heat from the protector FETs, sense resistor, and even etch and wiring resistance.
What is a safety circuit in a Li-ion battery pack?
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of circuitry in a typical Li-ion battery pack. The safety protection circuit includes a Li-ion protector that controls back-to-back FET switches. These switches can be
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